1. The average adult passes about a quart and a half of urine each day. The amount of urine varies, depending on the fluids and foods a person consumes. The volume formed at night is about half that formed in the daytime.
2. Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the colon. Microorganisms called Chlamydia and Mycoplasma may also cause UTIs in both men and women, but these infections tend to remain limited to the urethra and reproductive system.
3. Some people are more prone to getting a UTI than others. An enlarged prostate gland also can slow the flow of urine, thus raising the risk of infection. A common source of infection is catheters, or tubes, placed in the urethra and bladder. People with diabetes also have a higher risk of a UTI because of changes in the immune system.
4. Not everyone with a UTI has symptoms, but most people get at least some symptoms. These may include a frequent urge to urinate and a painful, burning feeling in the area of the bladder or urethra during urination. The urine itself may look milky or cloudy, even reddish if blood is present.
5. Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for about 8.3 million doctor visits each year.
6. Some doctors suggest drinking cranberry juice. Cranberry has been used for preventing bladder infections (urinary tract infections, or UTI), as well as in combination with antibiotics for treating acute bladder infections.
7. According to some reports, about 2 to 4 percent of pregnant women develop a urinary infection. Scientists think that hormonal changes and shifts in the position of the urinary tract during pregnancy make it easier for bacteria to travel up the ureters to the kidneys.
8. The drugs most often used to treat routine, uncomplicated UTIs are trimethoprim (Trimpex), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, Cotrim), amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox, Wymox), nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Furadantin), and ampicillin (Omnipen, Polycillin, Principen, Totacillin)
9. Doctors suggest some additional steps that a woman can take on her own to avoid an infection:
- Urinate when you feel the need; don't resist the urge to urinate.
- Wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria around the anus from entering the honeypot or urethra.
- Avoid using feminine hygiene sprays and scented douches, which may irritate the urethra.
10. A pregnant woman who develops a UTI should be treated promptly to avoid premature delivery of her baby and other risks such as high blood pressure
11. UTIs in men are often a result of an obstruction -- for example, due to a urinary stone or enlarged prostate -- or are associated with a medical procedure involving a catheter.
12. A heating pad may help relieve the discomfort of a urinary infection. Most doctors suggest that drinking plenty of water helps cleanse the urinary tract of bacteria.
13. Many women suffer from frequent UTIs. Nearly 20 percent of women who have a UTI will have another, and 30 percent of those will have yet another. Of the last group, 80 percent will have recurrences.
14. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
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