Retrospective studies with design errors
There is a potential of bias in retrospective studies since first-hand information is not possible. The investigator uses secondary sources of information or secondhand knowledge. The accuracy of second-hand information is impossible to guarantee. However, no other study design can be used for these studies, leaving the investigator with only the retrospective study design as an option. To avoid the danger of bias in retrospective study designs, the investigator must exercise extraordinary caution. The investigator must employ a large sample size to eliminate the likelihood of bias. He must also claim that he has chosen the proper evidence to learn about the historical event he is researching.
There are several advantages to retrospective investigations.
Retrospective studies have the advantage of saving time and being able to be done on a small scale. The investigator can focus on multiple topics at the same time because the baseline and results have already occurred prior to the investigation. It's very handy for looking up information about past medical difficulties. It's particularly valuable for examining medical conditions that are infrequent and for which there is currently little or no evidence to study.
Examples of retrospective study designs
To look into the impact of the Mughal dynasty on the Muslim cultures of Indo-following Pakistan.
To look at the effects of World War II on current living circumstances in France.
A look back at the inventions that took place in Europe during the Victorian era.
A look back at the types of employment that people in California favored from 1990 to 2017.
An analysis of the types of crimes committed in the northern United States from 2000 to 2010.
These and other types of descriptive inquiries are included in the retrospective study design. Because he cannot perform experiments to gain first-hand evidence, the investigator in these cases must obtain data from secondary sources. The findings of these research may be valuable in predicting future trends in the same circumstance, but they cannot be transferred to any other situation in the future.
EDITOR'S SOURCE: Researchproject
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